Coloring plastics plastics industry is an indispensable part of their significance is landscaping products; second important purpose is to identify the effect, the effect achieved by the colored logo has practical value.Color Masterbatch
In addition, the colored plastic may also be given a variety of functions plastic, plastic such as increased light resistance, weather resistance, electrical conductivity and antistatic effect, and so on.
Pigments and Dyes
Plastic colorants composed mainly of a pigment and dye.
dye
Dyes are soluble in most solvents and is dyed medium organic synthetic chemicals. It is characterized by transparency, high color strength, density. Mainly suitable for engineering plastics (ABS, HIPS, PET, nylon 6, etc.), since the dye molecules are generally small structures, such as for polyolefin coloring migrated happen.

pigment
Pigments are not soluble in common solvents colorant. In contrast with a dye, a pigment and a coloring material which is not desired affinity.Color Masterbatch

Through its pigment particles are dispersed in the material to be colored, leaving the material to produce color. Since the pigment has insolubility, so as to obtain the desired coloring properties, the pigment is required to mechanically disperse uniformly into the plastic, primarily PVC and polyolefins suitable for coloring plastics, some of which may also be used plastic colored varieties.
Pigment can be divided into inorganic and organic pigments.

Inorganic pigments are generally metal oxides, sulfides and sulfates, chromates, molybdates, and salts, such as carbon black. This type of pigment is not soluble in common solvents and plastics, their thermal stability and light stability than the organic pigments are generally excellent.Color Masterbatch

In the plastic processing temperature range, with the exception of lead salt, chrome yellow and cadmium orange, other inorganic pigments are very stable, but its coloring power than the organic pigments difference. The relative density of larger inorganic pigment, typically 2.5-5.0.
Inorganic pigments are generally metal oxides, sulfides and sulfates, chromates, molybdates, and salts, such as carbon black.
This type of pigment is not soluble in common solvents and plastics, their thermal stability and light stability than the organic pigments are generally excellent.
In the plastic processing temperature range, with the exception of lead salt, chrome yellow and cadmium orange, other inorganic pigments are very stable, but its coloring power than the organic pigments difference.
The relative density of larger inorganic pigment, typically 2.5-5.0.
From the comparison of the performance, although not as good as organic pigments inorganic pigments in heat resistance, light fastness and opacity terms, but have a relatively low density, a large amount of oil absorption, bright color and complete chromatography advantages.
The following table presents the general characteristics of inorganic pigments, organic pigments and dyes.
Learn pigment named
When coloring plastics, the user only known pigment trade names, such as Permanent Red F5R, 2BP Red and Fast Red and so on.
In fact, the three commodities are the same molecular structure, a different name for the same kind of pigment.
Of the Harmonized Commodity classification proposed the Colour Index (Color Index, C.I.) Concept. For example, the Swiss company Ciba masterbatch product sample indicates the following:

The pigment dispersion of significance
In order to make uniform coloring plastics, two conditions must be met: the pigment particles are sufficiently refined; evenly distributed plastic (mixed).
Here refers to the refinement of the pigment is dispersed agglomerates or aggregates crushing and allowed to minimize the diameter of the process.
In general, uniform distribution of the pigment is not difficult, the key is dispersed.
Pigment dispersion not only affects the appearance of the colored products (spots, streaks, gloss, color and transparency), workability, but also directly affect the quality of coloring products, such as strength, elongation, aging resistance and resistivity and the like.
E.g., as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, with the pigment particle size increases, impact strength and decreased elongation products.

Particle size of the pigment dispersion after what is appropriate, will be described by the following data.
• pigment particle size greater than 30μm, product surface spots, streaks;
• 10-30μm, matte products;
• When the particle size is less than 5μm, for general products, used to meet, but demanding products, will also affect the mechanical properties, electrical properties and processability;
• For fiber (single wire diameter of 20-30μm) and thin films (less than 10μm), the pigment particle size should be less than 1μm.
In general, the more fine pigment particle size, the higher its coloring power.
The following table shows the relationship between particle size and pigment ultramarine coloring power (the original untreated ultramarine color strength of 100%)

The following figure shows the relationship between particle size and pigment coloring power (shown, when the particle size at a certain value, there is a maximum).

In addition, particle diameter of 0.1 m azo pigment, phthalocyanine pigment particle diameter is 0.05 m, with the highest coloring power.

Typical recipes Introduction
First, the universal masterbatch
The early 1980s, Hong Kong Canon launched the "universal masterbatch" is relative to the masterbatch special masterbatch, the broad scope of application, in particular, can be used for a variety of engineering plastics coloring.
The main difference between common and special masterbatch masterbatch comprising:
Universal masterbatch carrier can apply a variety of colored resin, the carrier may be low molecular weight polyethylene wax, EVA, K resin, metal soaps, may be two or three above-mentioned carrier complex composition. Requirements to improve the content of the pigment as possible (even up to 60% -70%, special masterbatch of 20% -30%), and therefore the amount of masterbatch as small as possible in order to avoid incompatibility and colored resin.
General use masterbatch in plastic products used in the amount of only 1%. Because it with less, so that the injection-molded articles contained within different resin content less, of course, its impact on the plastic products is negligible.
Specific production process is simple summarized as follows: In order to apply polar and nonpolar resin, usually a small amount EVA.
Second, the black and white masterbatch recipe
A, the choice of TiO2 four recipes
A recipe
TiO2 BA01-01 400G (40%)
Lithopone (lithopone) B302 300G (30%)
Brightener KSN 0.2G (0.02%)
YA- Ⅱ-200 stearate type 30G (3%)
Calcium stearate 9.8G (0.98%)
LLDPE2433 Tianjin MI = 33 100G (10%)
LDPEQ400 (2F4B MI = 4) 160G (16%)
* Ratio of 3%
Polymer Color Forum / Masterbatch / toner micro-channel group, please add the main group: 18666186648
Recipe two
(1) Titanium Dioxide BA01-01 690G 69%
(2) phthalocyanine blue ICI.Ultranvawine N.P.B Blue RS & shy; -6
0.6G 0.06%
(3) Fluorescent brightener KSN 0.6G 0.06%
(4) Calcium stearoyl 10G 1%
(5) YA-Ⅱ-200 stearate type 30G 3%
(6) 20PE Q400 268.8G / 1000G 26.88%
* Blown with a 4%
Recipe three
(1) Titanium Dioxide 200G 70%
(2) Fluorescent Brightener KSN 0.2G 0.02%
(3) The brightener EBS ~ oleic acid amide TAS-2A
25G 2.5%
(4) LLDPE 2433 150G 15%
(5) LDPE Q400 124.8G / 1Kg 12.48%
* 4% Blowing
Formulation four
TiO2 62.7%
LDPE (1F7B) 18.4%
LLDPE (7042) 4.6%
PE wax 12%
2.3% oleic acid amide
* Twin-screw
145 ℃ 160 ℃ 170 ℃ 180 ℃ 190 ℃ 200 ℃ 195 ℃
Requirements: TiO2 content of 63% MIR = 7.5
Dispersion, opening, heat sealing and printability
B, GM white mother
PEwax 22% (Rushan)
TiO2 64% (just climb 101)
10% zinc stearate
C.B. cadmium red 2%
A small amount of white oil, then stir into the high single-screw three-roll
The ratio of 1: 100
No problem playing ABS PP tub (MI = 35) striped (white)
Reason: PEwax so much, so often caused by melting first produce streaks; after the change: PEwax to 15%, no problem playing PP. LLDPE better choice, greater shear force, easily dispersed.
C, black masterbatch formulations

1) C.B. Cabot N234 45%
2) Pewax Beijing University of Chemical Technology 12%
3) LLDPE MI = 20 43%

Third, the white coating film masterbatch
White coated film masterbatch is mainly used for instant noodles and other composite coating film, its main reference composition:
Titanium dioxide (R main type) D50% -70%;
Low molecular weight polyethylene wax 2% -5%;
Polyethylene (1C7A) 20% -30%;
Coupling an appropriate amount;
CaCO3 5%;
Other amount.
Fourth, filled masterbatch
Common polyethylene products filled masterbatch reference formula is as follows:
LDPE 10 titanate coupling agent TTS 1
LLDPE 10 4 low molecular weight polyethylene wax
HDPE 5 Stearic acid 2
CaCO3 75
According to user requirements, 2 to 30 parts masterbatch dosage
Five, cooling Masterbatch
When used in the past mainly polypropylene cooling Masterbatch spinning, because the polypropylene resin was used for higher molecular weight, high viscosity, spinning temperatures up to 300 or more to the normal production, so easy to make additives, pigments and other decomposition (now productive spinning dedicated high melt index polypropylene resin).
The so-called cooling Masterbatch, is the molecular weight of polypropylene can reduce the masterbatches, generally reduce polypropylene spinning temperature 30-50 ℃. Improve the spinning process.
Cooling Masterbatch additives using a peroxide. Common initiator A. I.e., di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP). It is light yellow transparent liquid. Boiling point 110 ℃. Ignition point 182 ℃. Decomposition temperature: 193 ℃ (half-life 1min) 126 ℃ (half-life of 10h).
Cooling Masterbatch reference formula is as follows:
PP resin (MI = 3) 100 0.3 Antioxidant
DTBP 3 Dispersant 1
The resulting cooling Masterbatch added 0.5% to 5% in the spinning
The key is to produce cooling Masterbatch extrusion control the temperature so that the decomposition of the peroxide is not essential.
Currently the mother grain mainly to expand the scope of application of polypropylene, polypropylene large thin-walled products (such as washing machines barrels), to improve its flow properties.
Sixth, flame retardant masterbatch
With the rapid development of plastic products, plastic in the construction, transportation, electronics, electrical appliances, coal and other applications more widely, so the flame problem has caused widespread concern in society.
Flame retardants commonly used in plastics are the following:
① inorganic flame retardants, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, antimony trioxide and the like;
② organic flame retardant, deca (DBDPO) is a bromine-containing high amounts of flame retardant, very broad application, can be used for PE / PP / PS / PETABS etc., the disadvantage is relatively weathering difference. In addition, there are eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDDP) / Hexabromodiphenyl ether;
③ other flame retardants, chlorinated paraffins, red phosphorus.
Flame retardants selection should note the following:
① different with each other flame retardants used in order to create synergies;
② flame retardant masterbatch and other additives do not react chemically with the resin has good compatibility;
③ thermal stability is excellent.
Retardant masterbatch Reference formula:
Carrier resin (HDPE) 100
Flame retardants (deca) 40
Secondary antioxidants (DLTP) 0.2
Synergistic flame retardant (antimony trioxide) 40
Dispersant (low-molecular weight polyethylene wax) 1
Main antioxidant (1010) 0.1
Lubricant (stearic acid) 1
Seven, luminous paint
Luminous paint is actually a super long afterglow luminous powder, after which natural light, light, ultraviolet light irradiation, etc. capable of storing energy, and strong brightness, is a new type of light-emitting material.
This luminescent material disappeared after irradiation source capable of continuously releasing energy in the form of visible light in storage for some time, it is a rare earth aluminate, its value much more than the traditional zinc sulfide luminous powder.
Compared with the traditional zinc sulfide luminous powder, it has the following characteristics:
① afterglow long time, when ordinary visible light absorption (such as lighting, natural light) 10-30min, reached saturation point, in the absence of sustainable sources emitting more than 12h.
② high initial brightness shine.
③ non-toxic, harmless, non-polluting, does not contain any radioactive elements.
④ stable performance, cycle life up to 10 years.

Precautions luminous pigment used as follows:
① generally used in an amount of 10% -20%, the larger the amount, the greater brightness, and long-lasting.
② greater hardness, and avoid direct contact with the device, so as not to wear the device and lead to the emission intensity decreases.
③ such as when you want to add color (dye) a coloring material, to use caution, so as not to reduce the emission intensity.
Luminescent pigment is mainly used in luminous signs, such as a light-emitting PE strips can be widely used in factories, hotels, restaurants, ships, trains, underground parking, road traffic, etc., made from a variety of logos or emergency safety signs, use convenient and secure.
Eight, marbling masterbatch
Principle marbling masterbatch is produced marble-like pattern, and a masterbatch carrier resin and the colored resin are two incompatible melting point, viscosity differences resin during molding due to uneven dispersion and flow marks on processed causing streaks and wavy, showing such as marble pattern. Usually marbling masterbatch, black, white, three-color coffee, colored resin color should color masterbatch and large, in order to form a clear marble texture.
Shangwang sold marbling masterbatch points PP and ABS with in two, according to the analysis of the following composition: PP masterbatch with a carrier as nylon or polyester, both a melting point of 220-230 ℃; ABS polymer with masterbatch carrier ester, mp 257 ℃. Its products are mainly used as a decorative material, it has the feeling of marbling.
Nine, biaxially oriented masterbatch
Packaging bread, candy, cold drinks, ice cream on the market mostly by pearl film, but its production is not used in the masterbatch using pearl powder, but high dry natural calcium carbonate containing uniformly distributed in polypropylene (PP ), a usage ratio of masterbatch: PP = 1: 7.
During extrusion of calcium carbonate fine particles uniformly distributed, and in the process of biaxial stretching, the formation of very fine pores, so that the film becomes opaque milky white, thus reducing the density of 0.906g / cm3 to 0.650g / cm3, the special white opaque film, because of its rougher surface than the PP has good printing performance.
BOPP masterbatch production process is as follows:

Note that when using masterbatch pearl BOPP, because calcium carbonate easy to absorb moisture, so when used to pre-dry.
X. fiber spend pigment
Fiber spend a colored pigment is actually cut to a certain length of fiber made of pigment, the fibrous material is mainly viscose or polyacrylonitrile fibers.
They no melting point and the decomposition temperature greater than 300 ℃, it can not melt in plastic molding, does not decompose and form a uniform fibrous colored flowers dot.
Fiber spend substantially pigment production process, the first adhesive (or polyacrylonitrile) fiber with high temperature dye staining process, and then cut off, adding a dispersant treatment to obtain fiber spend fibers. Finally masterbatch production methods can also be made into fibers spend a pigment masterbatch.
Fiber spend pigment is mainly used for decoration materials, toys, TV, phone cases, etc., fibrous surface exhibits a fine colored pattern, more traditional pigmented unique.